Low temperature impact on propane flow

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rider1520

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Mar 15, 2010
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Nazareth, Pa
This past weekend we had over night temps of mid teens here in the northeast. A friend was camping and said that the heater in his class C ?froze? during the night and stopped working. Would low temperatures create a problem with propane flow that could cause the heater to stop working?
 
It could also be the makeup of the "propane" being used. Bottles or tanks filled in the warmer south have a lot of Butane in them and that does not work well in lower temperatures.
 
Yes, lower temps can cause issues with LPG (not Propane!)  A recent thread went in great detail on this topic.

Propane is a specific chemical -  C3H8. LPG is a mixture of light hydrocarbons, including mainly propane.  Some mixtures used in warm weather will not vaporize as well in cold weather, and vapor is what runs the appliances.  A light bulb or other heating devise is usually sufficient to keep things flowing.
 
In the "old days" on the farm if we let our tank get below 20% when low temps we would have issues. A light bulb under the tank would keep us going until the truck arrived to refill.
 
Propane is good to almost -40  Butane, however, is often sold in place of Propane. especially in the South.. Now Butane gives a bit more heat per unit so most customers do not complain, Their Grills fry a bit hotter.. Not enough to really matter but just a bit.

And Butane is CHEAPER than propane  So the stores subbing Butane are ripping you off and pocketing the additional profit.

BUT.. When it gets cold... Long about the point where water freezes. Butane stops working.
 
More likely, moisture in his regulator froze up and prevented gas flow to the furnace. The HD-5 "consumer grade" propane typically sold at retail in the US is required to have a minimum content of 90% propane, pretty much negating any significant low temperature related issues due to any butane content. Even LPG boiling off at just a few PSI in a propane tank or cylinder is sufficient to run a furnace or water heater, since the regulator drops it down to about 0.4 PSI anyway...
 
  We had issues once.... around a minus 22 or so with a low bottle. ?Fired-up? the wife?s hair dryer to apply heat to bottle....it worked!
 
Propane can have problems with temps that are above it's boiling point because the vaporization rate can be too low to supply the propane needed. LPG with butane is worse.
See :
http://www.nbmc.com/heaters/lpchart.html
http://www.propane101.com/propanevaporization.htm

When the amount of propane in the tank was low but empty I have had the furnace stop working at 20 degrees and then start working at 50 degrees. The water heater would still work when the furnace wouldn't because it didn't require as many BTUs.
 
Clay L....so would the heater have kept working if the propane tank was full? Or our youmsaying the temp effects the amount of BTU?s available from the propane?
 
Difficult to answer that, rider1520.  Vaporization rates are affected by a number of things and practice sometimes overwhelms gas theory (Charles Law). Temperature and the amount of liquid LPG surface have an effect, so often a tank that is 1/2-5/8 full seems optimum, even though theory says it should make no difference. Remember that a "full" LPG tank is still only 80% liquid, so there is always some vapor space. As the liquid level drops toward 1/2, you get a lot more vapor volume and, in a horizontal tank,  the surface that is evaporating gets larger too. However, the gas pressure stays the same (in theory, anyway) as long as the rate of evaporation equals or exceeds the rate that gas vapor is drawn off. The gas vapor draw is at very low pressure, about 0.5 psi, so even with the furnace gulping it, the tank doesn't need to generate a lot of vapor.

The rush of gas vapor through the regulator also causes its temperature to drop, actually below ambient, so a regulator can "freeze" before anything else, especially if there was any moisture trapped in the air inside. Again, exactly what happens in any specific piece of hardware may be somewhat at odds with the general theory of how such things behave. Trying to explain the nuances with theory gets tedious.  The most practical approach is to insulate or warm both tank and regulator a bit and see if it has any helpful effect.
 
Gary....so I guess the short answer is YES, very low temperatures like 15 - 20 degrees could possibly cause the coach heater to stop working where otherwise (warmer temperatures) it would be ok
 
  As Gary implied,sometimes propane defies logic. Many factors involved....propane/butane mix (vapor pressure) actual pressure in bottle at fill, possibly surface area of propane in bottle, and maybe more possibilities. From experience we’ve had...”no flow” at a minus 20, while on another trip, no problems at a minus 20. The only thing we can say for certain....heating the tank helped!    :))
 
    rider1520,  I would be ?very? surprise to see vaporization pressure ?NOT? reached a a plus 15 or 20 degrees F. A minus 15 or 20....maybe! Just guessing it was a problem ?other than? vaporization of the liquid!
 

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