That sounds like a lot of floor damage (is it really that bad?) from a one-time leak. I suspect it was much more than that. However, if the roof is still solid, I see no reason not to seal it up again with lap sealant (caulk) and/or Eternabond tape. If there is any softness, though, you have to open it up to see the extent of it. Small areas can be patched if the rest is still solid.
If the floor is all really soft, you will just have to start opening it up to see what is what and make a plan from there. The subfloor is usually laid directly over a metal framework, so I would not expect to find any wood "beams". Carpet or tile or whatever is laid over that. All this is done before cabinets and interior walls are added, and sometimes even before the sidewalls are erected, so it's often impossible to completely replace a damaged floor. You just have to piece it in somehow.