According to Cummins, the top causes of power loss are fuel filters, air filters, and air leaks in the charge air cooler. Weak fuel/injector pumps is probably next.
Diesels need only fuel and air to run, so it seems evident that poor performance is lack of one or the other. The difficulty is figuring out what is causing the lack. The fan thing is a separate issue that robs the power from the drive train. Not all chassis have a thermostatically controlled fan, though.