As Lou said, the bigger filter can trap more gunk before a change is needed. I've also heard it claimed that the larger filter helps the oil run cooler (more oil circulating in the system), but I don't know if thatis factual. Or significant if it is.
If you are changing at relatively low mileage, e.g. 3000 miles, the volume of the filter isn't important - the smaller one is fine. And I suppose the larger sizes might be better as the engine gets older (in miles) and potentially lets more soot get into the crank case oil. I had an 8.1L in a Workhorse W22 for 5 years and changed oil annually, with mileage anywhere in the 5000-7500 range. I mostly used the 1 qt size. I don't recall using any oil between changes, but I traded it at 50k miles.