What John says. Also could be contaminated brake fluid. I have read where that is the second-most common cause of "fading".
I assume you bled the brakes when you finished the installation of the new rotors, calipers, etc. BUT did you flush the brake lines? If not, that "could" be your problem. I found a paragraph that explains why ??. in better terms than I could provide:
Brake Fluid Fade
Auto manufacturers call for brake fluid to be changed periodically. However some vehicle owners ignore these recommendations and don't bother replacing the fluid for years and years (this seems to happen more often for older cars and trucks). This causes the brake fluid to degrade and absorb water and other debris. The water absorption causes the brake fluid to boil at a much lower temperature when it gets hot. When this happens, steam forms in the braking system and steam will compress (brake fluid will not).
Note: When you let the system cool off, the water that the old brake fluid has absorbed over time (brake fluid is very hygroscopic) and had turned to steam via the hot brakes...... it condenses back to liquid and becomes incompressible again ???. until the next "heat up" cycle. So your brakes work ?? for a short while. This may not be your problem, but your description fits the scenario perfectly, methinks.
There are lots and lots of knowledgeable folks on the various forums that stress the need for flushing the brake lines to ensure that only new, clean fluid is in the system; i.e., no water or other impurities. Most posters say doing that every couple of years is a good plan. I believe 'em. Naturally there is always at least one guy who says he hasn't flushed the lines in 20 years and his brakes work fine. :^)
I recently installed new front rotors, calipers, pads and wheel bearings on my E450. To flush the lines, I used a "one man" tool I got from Amazon. A bit pricey perhaps, but if the tool is flushed with denatured alcohol after use it will last a long, long time. BTW- You can view youtube videos that are pretty good?.. look under "How to flush brake lines" at youtube.com for various methods.
https://www.amazon.com/Motive-Products-System-Bleeder-Trucks/dp/B000TK9FE8/ref=sr_1_7?crid=2658QL0MXBFRK&keywords=brake+bleeder&qid=1552450983&s=gateway&sprefix=brake+bleeder%2Caps%2C180&sr=8-7
Pls report back and let us know what you ended up doing to fix the problem ..... helps all us DIYers.
Good luck with a fix, and safe travels