Day 59 October 29, 2015 Harrisburg, PA
Throughout the United States, capital buildings are being restored to their original state. Pennsylvania's capital is no different. The fountain has been undergoing reconstruction since the spring. It is already 3 times the anticipated cost. The parts they needed for repair were so old that they are no longer made. So they have had to make them individually by hand.
The Capitol in Harrisburg is spectacular! When President Theodore Roosevelt attended the dedication in 1906, he said, "This is the handsomest building I ever saw." It was designed in the American Renaissance style. The architect envisioned it as a Palace of Art, and it is by far the most artistic and decorated capital in the U. S. It cost $13 million, which may be the most expensive capital. The paintings, stained glass, and furnishings were done by some of the best artisans in the world at that time. All of the ornate doorknobs have the state seal engraved on them, and it is on all the elevators. Various areas are themed--Italian in the House Chamber, French in the Senate Chamber, and English in the Governor's Reception Room. But, it all blends together beautifully. At the top of the dome is "Commonwealth," a gilded-bronze statue of a female figure representing Pennsylvania. She holds a mace of statehood in her left and extends her right hand.
It is so enormous that it is impossible to photograph. (Picture 1/6231). We entered through a very modern, sleek annex that is attached on several sides of the original capital. The annex houses the offices for the senators and representatives.
This is also the newest capitol we've visited recently, maybe ever. In 1682 when William Penn founded Pennsylvania, the Provincial Assembly had no official meeting place, moving between Philadelphia's Town Hall, meeting houses, schools, taverns, inns, and private homes. Starting in 1735, they met in Independence Hall. When the British troops occupied Philadelphia, the Assembly moved to Lancaster. In 1790, they ratified the Pennsylvania Constitution and created the House of Representatives and Senate. They debated what the location of their capital should be for 20 years, and they chose Harrisburg. The first capital was build from 1819-1822. In 1897, the capital burned down while they were in session, probably due to a faulty fireplace flue. We've heard this about so many of the capitals. In 1898, a new building was constructed for $550,000. It was considered so undignified and unattractive that it was never completed. However, the General Assembly met in the unfinished building. In 1904, they started building a new capital. In 1987, the new West Wing was opened.
The Rotunda entry is jaw-dropping amazing. The glass and brass elevators sparkle; the Grand Staircase was truly grand. The dome overhead weighs 26 tons and is 272 feet above the floor--four stories high plus open air. It is lit by 4,000 lights.(Pic 2/6232) The rotunda is so magnificent and rich with symbols that it is used for announcements, bill-signings and press conferences. There are eight large murals about Pennsylvania's history (Pic 3/6234) and reclining goddesses (Pic 4/6239). Even the floor tiles are symbolic. The floor is colorful Moravian tiles and interspersed with 400 tile mosaics illustrating the state's history, animals, industries, occupations, and modes of transportation. There are 200 clocks in the Capitol that have to be hand-wound once a week.
Beautiful marble sculptures of 27 figures flank both sides of the 17-foot tall ornate bronze doors at the main entrance. Each door weighs a ton, but can swing open at the push of one hand.
Pennsylvania is one of only 5 full-time capitols. They meet on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays from September to June. They spend Thursdays and Fridays at their district office.
Unfortunately, when they let visitors on the floor of the legislature, vandalism occurred, so they won't let anyone on the floor of either house unless they are accompanied by a member of that house. We could only see the House from the gallery one floor above. We haven't encountered this before, and all Dean's pictures came out dark because he only had his normal flash, not his external flash. It is a real shame because it was glorious.
In the House, (Pic 5/6250) there is a 35-foot square painting behind the Speaker's chair that grabs your attention as you enter. It depicts distinguished state residents at the feet of a figure representing the "Genius of State." Penn is in the center in a red robe, and Benjamin Franklin is at his right hand. The lights hanging from the ceiling are huge. (Pic 6/6243) The ceiling is recessed in sections and very ornate. (Pic 7/6245) The House Chamber also has magnificent murals and original mahogany desks. The 10 stained glass windows are themed, like "Religion" (Pictures 8 & 9/6246 & 6247) The stained-glass windows are framed in 24-karat gold leaf.
There are 203 members of the House (119 R and 94 D) and they serve two-year terms. They elect the Speaker of the House. Democrats sit on the left, and Republicans on the right. They have a huge ornate mace, which is a symbol of authority, peace, and order, dating back to Roman times. It is 46 inches long, topped with a brass sphere that is engraved on both sides with the Coat of Arms, and an eagle at the very top. We last saw a mace in Victoria, BC, Canada, and I don't think we've seen one in any other state. Six crystal chandeliers light the House. They weigh between two tons and four tons and require over 1,000 light bulbs.
The Senate started with only 18 Senators, but now there are 50 (30 R and 20 D). They serve four-year terms. They use a voice vote system. When they vote, their whole name lights up red if they vote "no" and green if they vote "yes." In other states, they just have a little red or green light by their names.
Democrats sit on the left, Republicans on the right.
They have lovely mahogany large desks that were used in 1906. Rare green Irish marble is on the walls. On the floor, there are 4 massive gold brass lights weighing 5,000 pounds each at the front. Everything that is gold-colored in the whole capital is 23 Karat gold-leaf. They started re-gilding the Capitol in 1985; it took 21 years to do it because there is so much gold throughout the Capitol. Gold symbols surround the Senate chamber. There are beautiful murals of events in Pennsylvania history and huge gold statues. There are 14 stained glass windows, each with 4 layers of glass and a theme. The lights had symbolic statues inside them. (Pic 10/6251)
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court is unique in many ways. It is the oldest supreme court in the U. S. Only 12 supreme courts in the U. S. are still housed in the Capitol buildings. It is the only travelling supreme court and roves between Harrisburg, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. It is very large and beautiful. It has 16 intricate paintings. One of the paintings intrigued me. It's a "keynote" painting. If you look at it carefully, you can see the words "love," "law," and "wisdom," are almost hidden in "Divine Law. (Pic 11/6253) A keystone is the center stone in an arch which holds the arch together. Pennsylvania says it is the Keystone State because they were what held the colonies together. There is a beautiful green stained glass dome above (Picture 12/6254).
Our tour guide had hurried us through the tour, so we returned to the Senate to admire the stained glass windows and murals. Pic 13/6261 was about the Militia. Pic 14/6265 honored the role of the railroads. Pic 15/6267 is a great mural and encircling it was the saying, "Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest can repair the events in the hands of God. Picture 16/6269 shows a bright light lit with a 25-watt bulb, the only kind available in 1906. They cut diamonds in the glass to diffuse the light and make it brighter.
As we left, we saw the most photogenic State Seal on the back wall of the elevator. Unlike most state seals, it has an obverse and reverse. The observe has a central image of a shield with a ship under full sail, a plow and three sheaves of wheat. They represent the importance of commerce, labor, perseverance, and agriculture to the state's economy. On either side of the shield are a stalk of Indian corn and an olive branch, recognizing the past and hopes for the future. On top of the shield an eagle proudly symbolizes the state's sovereignty. The reverse side pictures Lady Liberty dominating Tyranny in the form of a lion, with the words, "Both Can't Survive."
We have seen about 45 capitals. I think this is the most magnificent, though Dean thinks Frankfort is. I'd visit this capital again if we're in the area. The murals are just spectacular, and I'd like to linger and enjoy. Beauty is everywhere--even their glass elevators. It is super handicapped-accessible.
Stayed at Walmart Harrisburg