When people think of Louisiana culture, they tend to think of New Orleans, and maybe Cajun Culture, munch in the same way that when people think of New York culture, they think of Manhattan, not Albany or Buffalo. The truth is there are at least 4 or 5 distinct regional cultures in Louisiana, with different ethnic make ups, and styles of food.
New Orleans, which is not cajun, and is a melting pot of French, German Creole, and a lot of other stuff. I am not going to write much more here, as this is the part of the state most often shown in media (though often inaccurately)
Baton Rouge area, which itself is a bit of melting pot, but distinctly different than New Orleans (a 90 minute drive away), it is more concervative and not nearly as much of a party atmosphere, though they still like their LSU football.
Cajun, already mentioned in previous post, mostly the southern central coastal part of the state going as far north as near Alexandria. Sugar cane and Rice are the two major agricultural crops in this region (along with Crawfish). The Cajuns were displaced people of French descent driven out of eastern Canada by the British in the 1700's many of whom settled in the bayous of south Louisiana as well as other places along the gulf coast, and tended to live in very isolated communities until about a century ago.
North Eastern Louisiana, though this can extend almost to the north west corner of the state, this region is dominated by crop lands along the historical river flood plains of the Mississippi, Red and Ouachita rivers, and as far south as Alexandria. Crops here are primarily cotton and soy bean, most of the region is very economically depressed, almost every city and town has seen population decline by 25-30% in the last 40 years, some by more than that, the town my mother is from in north east Louisiana has seen over a 50% population decline since 1980. This is bible belt Louisiana dominated by Baptist and Pentecostal churches, and culturally is very similar to the delta region of Mississippi. Lots of families that remain in this region have deep roots going back to the 1800's or before. Local food here is primarily southern soul food, fried catfish, corn bread, greens, etc. Think Duck Dynasty culture.
Then there is western Louisiana where I live, this region is primarily timber land, with some pasture and farm land, it is a roughly 40 mile wide strip of land along the Louisiana / Texas border, which was considered no mans land until the late 1800's as it was disputed territory, with the Spanish claiming the border as the Calcasieu river and the US claiming the border was the Sabine river (where it is today) until after the Texas revolution in the 1830's. Most settlers came to the region in the late 1800's primarily driven by the timber industry as this was the last stand of virgin timber in the eastern United States. Settlers in the region are a mix of mostly northern carpet bagers and Europeans immigrants (Dutch, etc.), so distinctly different than the rest of Louisiana and very similar to the settlers of the piney woods region of east Texas.